Synthesis of fatty hydroxamic acids catalyzed by the lipase ofMucor miehei

Biotechnological synthesis of a new class of amphiphilic molecules—fatty hydroxamic acids—was carried out using the lipase ofMucor miehei by reacting hydroxyl amine with the fatty acids in their free or methyl ester form. Concurrently with enzymatic synthesis, chemical synthesis of hydroxamic fatty acids has also been developed by adapting methods that already existed for water-soluble acids. Different parameters were studied to determine the optimum operating conditions: temperature, molar ratio of reagents, quantity of biocatalyst and length of reaction. A general method, whatever the type of fatty acids used, is described.     

马来海松酸及其衍生物的研究与应用进展

马来海松酸及其衍生物在造纸、微生物、油墨、涂料、橡胶、杀菌、医药等领域具有重要的用途。本文对马来海松酸的制备、马来海松酸衍生物的研究与应用进展进行了综述,并对马来海松酸及其衍生物的研究及应用前景进行了展望。     

2-氨基-5-甲基苯甲酸合成工艺的改进

对甲苯胺与水合氯醛、盐酸羟胺反应制得异亚硝基乙酰对甲苯胺,于浓硫酸中脱水成环得到5-甲基靛红,然后在碱性条件下以双氧水为氧化介质合成2-氨基-5-甲基苯甲酸。通过正交实验得到了一、二步反应的较佳工艺条件,三步反应总收率以对甲苯胺计算达61.7%。通过FTIR和1HNMR对最终产品进行了表征。     

耐热丙烯酸酯胶粘剂的研制

选用甲基丙烯酸甲酯预聚物作为主体树脂,通过交联剂种类及含量对胶粘剂拉伸剪切强度和应力-溶剂银纹性能影响的研究,研制出一种耐热性能满足使用要求的丙烯酸酯胶粘剂。试验结果表明,适量的交联剂有利于提高胶粘剂的耐温性能,但交联剂加入量过大对胶粘剂起到增塑作用,反而不利于胶粘剂高温性能的改善。高分子材料由于吸收和扩散的速度较慢,不易使有机玻璃产生银纹,提高胶粘剂中高分子材料的含量,有利于胶粘剂应力-溶剂银纹性能的提高。     

辐照法制全硫化聚丙烯/丙烯酸酯热塑性弹性体

用辐照法制备了全硫化聚丙烯，丙烯酸酯热塑性弹性体．对其物理机械性能、耐热油性进行了测试。结果表明，所制备的热塑性弹性体的性能优于动态硫化法。橡胶质量分数为30％、40％时，拉伸强度分别达到10．9MPa、13．6MPa，断裂伸长率分别为132％、157％；在10HD℃的油中浸泡70h。体积变化率只有28％。采用透射电子显微镜和扫描电子显微镜研究了所制备弹性体的微观形态，弹性体中橡胶粒子小、分散均匀；辐照后橡胶粒子与聚丙烯界面之间的作用力得到加强。     

微波辐射合成葡萄糖五乙酸酯

在微波辐射下,对甲苯磺酸催化葡萄糖和乙酸酐反应合成了葡萄糖五乙酸酯。考察了微波辐射功率、微波辐射时间、原料配比和对甲苯磺酸用量对产率的影响。通过正交实验确定了最佳条件为:辐射功率462 W,反应时间7 min,葡萄糖与乙酸酐的摩尔比1∶9,对甲苯磺酸质量分数1.5%,产率可达71.8%。     

火焰光度法测定氧化铝中的氧化钠

氧化铝原料纯度高,熔点高,不被氢氟酸—硫酸所分解,但能迅速熔解于热的硫—磷混酸溶液中。控制溶液中硫—磷混酸的浓度,并在氧化钠系列标准溶液中配入等量的硫—磷混酸,即可在火焰光度计上直接测量氧化钠的含量。     

Polymorphic behavior of gondoic acid and phase behavior of its binary mixtures with asclepic acid and oleic acid

Molecular properties of polymorphic forms of gondoic acid [cis-C_20:1Δ11ω9 (GOA)] have been studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), optical microscopy, and Raman scattering, in comparison to those of six principal unsaturated fatty acids: oleic acid [cis-C_18:1Δ9ω9 (OA)], erucic acid [cis-C_22:1Δ13ω9 (ERA)], petroselinic acid [cis-C_18:1Δ6ω12 (PSA)], asclepic acid [cis-C_18:1Δ11ω7 (APA)], palmitoleic acid [cis-C_16:1Δ9ω7 (POA)], and elaidic acid [trans-C_18:1Δ9ω9 (ELA)]. In addition, phase behavior of binary mixtures of GOA and APA and OA was examined by XRD and DSC. The polymorphic structures of GOA are quite similar to those of APA, ERA, POA, and partly to OA. In particular, DSC and Raman scattering studies have shown that gondoic acid exhibits conformational disordering on heating at the ω-chain, a chain segment between the double bond and CH₃ group, as a transition from all-trans (γ form) to gauche-rich (α form) conformations. A miscible mixing phase was observed in the mixture of GOA and APA, yet eutectic phases were observed in the GOA and OA mixtures. This is a remarkable contrast because the binary mixture systems of varying combinations of cis-unsaturated fatty acids examined so far exhibited either eutectic nature or molecular compound formation. It is expected that specific molecular interactions between GOA and APA that originate from the equivalence of the length of the Δ-chain, the chain segment between the cis-double bond and COOH group, and also from the presence of the γ-α order-disorder transformation would be operating to form the miscible mixing phase.     

A comparison of the ethoxylation of a fatty alcohol,fatty acid,and dimethiconol

Knowing that dimethiconols or silanols condense under acid or alkaline catalysis, a study was undertaken to determine if these compounds could be successfully ethoxylated under conditions similar to those used to ethoxylate fatty alcohols and acids. It was anticipated that the condensation reaction would take precedent over ethoxylation reaction. We determined that ethoxylation reaction occurs preferentially to condensation reaction. In addition, kinetics of ethoxylation are similar to kinetics observed when fatty alcohols are ethoxylated. This reaction gives rise to a new class of hydrolyzable silicone compounds that have applications in industrial as well as in personal-care products.     

8─羟基喹啉─5─磺酸柱前衍生反相HPLC分离测定痕量Al（Ⅲ）、Co（Ⅲ）、Fe（Ⅲ）和Pd（Ⅱ）

本文采用８－羟基喹啉－５－磺酸（ＨＱＳ）为柱前衍生试剂，用含有１０ｍｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１的四丁基溴化铵（ＴＢＡ＋Ｂｒ－）、７．５×１０－５ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１的ＥＤＴＡ和２０ｍｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１的ｐＨ５．６乙酸－乙酸钠缓冲溶液的甲醇－水（４５：５５，Ｖ／Ｖ）溶液为流动相，以Ｃ１８硅烷化载体为固定相，１６ｍｉｎ内分离测定了Ｃｏ（Ⅲ）、Ｆｅ（Ⅲ）、Ａｌ（Ⅲ）和Ｐｄ（Ⅱ）的ＨＱＳ的配合物、信噪比为３时，检出限分别为：Ｃｏ（Ⅲ）０．９ｐｐｂ、Ｆｅ（Ⅲ）１．５ｐｐｂ和Ｐｄ（Ⅱ）５．４ｐｐｂ，方法灵敏度高，干扰少，用于测定试剂级盐酸，硝酸和中国红茶样品中的这些离子，结果良好。